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BiDirectional API (W3C compliant)

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The following list of APIs will be growing as the WebDriver BiDirectional Protocol grows and browser vendors implement the same. Additionally, Selenium will try to support real-world use cases that internally use a combination of W3C BiDi protocol APIs.

If there is additional functionality you’d like to see, please raise a feature request.

1 - Browsing Context

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Commands

This section contains the APIs related to browsing context commands.

Open a new window

Creates a new browsing context in a new window.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateAWindow() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);
        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                type: 'window',
            })

Open a new tab

Creates a new browsing context in a new tab.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateATab() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);
        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                type: 'tab',
            })

Use existing window handle

Creates a browsing context for the existing tab/window to run commands.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateABrowsingContextForGivenId() {
        String id = driver.getWindowHandle();
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, id);
        Assertions.assertEquals(id, browsingContext.getId());
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: id,
            })

Open a window with a reference browsing context

A reference browsing context is a top-level browsing context. The API allows to pass the reference browsing context, which is used to create a new window. The implementation is operating system specific.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateAWindowWithAReferenceContext() {
        BrowsingContext
                browsingContext =
                new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW, driver.getWindowHandle());
        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                type: 'window',
                referenceContext: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
            })

Open a tab with a reference browsing context

A reference browsing context is a top-level browsing context. The API allows to pass the reference browsing context, which is used to create a new tab. The implementation is operating system specific.

Selenium v4.8

    void testCreateATabWithAReferenceContext() {
        BrowsingContext
                browsingContext =
                new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB, driver.getWindowHandle());
        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                type: 'tab',
                referenceContext: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
            })

Selenium v4.8

    void testNavigateToAUrl() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

        NavigationResult info = browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
        Assertions.assertNotNull(info.getNavigationId());
        Assertions.assertTrue(info.getUrl().contains("/bidi/logEntryAdded.html"));
    }

Selenium v4.8

            let info = await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')

Selenium v4.8

    void testNavigateToAUrlWithReadinessState() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

        NavigationResult info = browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html",
                ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        Assertions.assertNotNull(browsingContext.getId());
        Assertions.assertNotNull(info.getNavigationId());
        Assertions.assertTrue(info.getUrl().contains("/bidi/logEntryAdded.html"));
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const info = await browsingContext.navigate(
                'https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html',
                'complete'
            )

Get browsing context tree

Provides a tree of all browsing contexts descending from the parent browsing context, including the parent browsing context.

Selenium v4.8

    void testGetTreeWithAChild() {
        String referenceContextId = driver.getWindowHandle();
        BrowsingContext parentWindow = new BrowsingContext(driver, referenceContextId);

        parentWindow.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        List<BrowsingContextInfo> contextInfoList = parentWindow.getTree();

        Assertions.assertEquals(1, contextInfoList.size());
        BrowsingContextInfo info = contextInfoList.get(0);
        Assertions.assertEquals(1, info.getChildren().size());
        Assertions.assertEquals(referenceContextId, info.getId());
        Assertions.assertTrue(info.getChildren().get(0).getUrl().contains("formPage.html"));
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const browsingContextId = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            const parentWindow = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: browsingContextId,
            })
            await parentWindow.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html', 'complete')

            const contextInfo = await parentWindow.getTree()

Get browsing context tree with depth

Provides a tree of all browsing contexts descending from the parent browsing context, including the parent browsing context upto the depth value passed.

Selenium v4.8

    void testGetTreeWithDepth() {
        String referenceContextId = driver.getWindowHandle();
        BrowsingContext parentWindow = new BrowsingContext(driver, referenceContextId);

        parentWindow.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        List<BrowsingContextInfo> contextInfoList = parentWindow.getTree(0);

        Assertions.assertEquals(1, contextInfoList.size());
        BrowsingContextInfo info = contextInfoList.get(0);
        Assertions.assertNull(info.getChildren()); // since depth is 0
        Assertions.assertEquals(referenceContextId, info.getId());
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const browsingContextId = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            const parentWindow = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: browsingContextId,
            })
            await parentWindow.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/iframes.html', 'complete')

            const contextInfo = await parentWindow.getTree(0)

Get All Top level browsing contexts

Selenium v4.8

    void testGetAllTopLevelContexts() {
        BrowsingContext window1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        BrowsingContext window2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);

        List<BrowsingContextInfo> contextInfoList = window1.getTopLevelContexts();

        Assertions.assertEquals(2, contextInfoList.size());
    }

Selenium v4.20.0

            const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            const window1 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: id,
            })
            await BrowsingContext(driver, { type: 'window' })
            const res = await window1.getTopLevelContexts()

Close a tab/window

Selenium v4.8

    void testCloseAWindow() {
        BrowsingContext window1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);
        BrowsingContext window2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);

        window2.close();

        Assertions.assertThrows(BiDiException.class, window2::getTree);
    }

    @Test
    void testCloseATab() {
        BrowsingContext tab1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);
        BrowsingContext tab2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

        tab2.close();

        Assertions.assertThrows(BiDiException.class, tab2::getTree);
    }

Selenium v4.8

            const window1 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {type: 'window'})
            const window2 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {type: 'window'})

            await window2.close()

Activate a browsing context

Selenium v4.14.1

        BrowsingContext window1 = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        BrowsingContext window2 = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.WINDOW);

        window1.activate();

Selenium v4.15

            const window1 = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: id,
            })

            await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                type: 'window',
            })

            const result = await driver.executeScript('return document.hasFocus();')

            assert.equal(result, false)

            await window1.activate()

Reload a browsing context

Selenium v4.13.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, WindowType.TAB);

        browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        NavigationResult reloadInfo = browsingContext.reload(ReadinessState.INTERACTIVE);

Selenium v4.15

            await browsingContext.reload(undefined, 'complete')

Handle user prompt

Selenium v4.13.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/alerts.html");

        driver.findElement(By.id("prompt-with-default")).click();

        String userText = "Selenium automates browsers";
        browsingContext.handleUserPrompt(true, userText);

Selenium v4.15

            await browsingContext.handleUserPrompt(true, userText)

Capture Screenshot

Selenium v4.13.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/alerts.html");

        String screenshot = browsingContext.captureScreenshot();

Selenium v4.15

            const response = await browsingContext.captureScreenshot()

Capture Viewport Screenshot

Selenium v4.14.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/coordinates_tests/simple_page.html");

        WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("box"));
        Rectangle elementRectangle = element.getRect();

        String screenshot =
                browsingContext.captureBoxScreenshot(
                        elementRectangle.getX(), elementRectangle.getY(), 5, 5);

Selenium v4.15

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: id,
            })

            const response = await browsingContext.captureBoxScreenshot(5, 5, 10, 10)

Capture Element Screenshot

Selenium v4.14.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html");
        WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("checky"));

        String screenshot = browsingContext.captureElementScreenshot(((RemoteWebElement) element).getId());

Selenium v4.15

            const response = await browsingContext.captureElementScreenshot(elementId)

Set Viewport

Selenium v4.14.1

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html");

        browsingContext.setViewport(250, 300, 5);

Selenium v4.15

            await browsingContext.setViewport(250, 300)

Selenium v4.14.1

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html");
        PrintOptions printOptions = new PrintOptions();

        String printPage = browsingContext.print(printOptions);

Selenium v4.10

            const result = await browsingContext.printPage({
                orientation: 'landscape',
                scale: 1,
                background: true,
                width: 30,
                height: 30,
                top: 1,
                bottom: 1,
                left: 1,
                right: 1,
                shrinkToFit: true,
                pageRanges: ['1-2'],
            })

Selenium v4.16.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("imageButton"))).submit();
        wait.until(titleIs("We Arrive Here"));

        browsingContext.back();

Selenium v4.17

            await browsingContext.back()

Selenium v4.16.0

    void canNavigateForwardInTheBrowserHistory() {
        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("imageButton"))).submit();
        wait.until(titleIs("We Arrive Here"));

        browsingContext.back();
        Assertions.assertTrue(driver.getPageSource().contains("We Leave From Here"));

        browsingContext.forward();

Selenium v4.17

            await browsingContext.forward()

Traverse history

Selenium v4.16.0

        BrowsingContext browsingContext = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
        browsingContext.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/formPage.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

        wait.until(visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("imageButton"))).submit();
        wait.until(titleIs("We Arrive Here"));

        browsingContext.traverseHistory(-1);

Selenium v4.17

            await browsingContext.traverseHistory(-1)

Events

This section contains the APIs related to browsing context events.

Browsing Context Created Event

Selenium v4.10

    try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
        CompletableFuture<BrowsingContextInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

        inspector.onBrowsingContextCreated(future::complete);

        String windowHandle = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW).getWindowHandle();

        BrowsingContextInfo browsingContextInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Selenium v4.9.2

            const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)
            await browsingContextInspector.onBrowsingContextCreated((entry) => {
                contextInfo = entry
            })

            await driver.switchTo().newWindow('window')

Dom Content loaded Event

Selenium v4.10

            String windowHandle = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.TAB).getWindowHandle();

            BrowsingContextInfo browsingContextInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            Assertions.assertEquals(windowHandle, browsingContextInfo.getId());
        }
    }

    @Test
    void canListenToDomContentLoadedEvent()

Selenium v4.9.2

            const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)
            let navigationInfo = null
            await browsingContextInspector.onDomContentLoaded((entry) => {
                navigationInfo = entry
            })

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
            })
            await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html', 'complete')

Browsing Context Loaded Event

Selenium v4.10

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            inspector.onBrowsingContextLoaded(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Selenium v4.9.2

            const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)

            await browsingContextInspector.onBrowsingContextLoaded((entry) => {
                navigationInfo = entry
            })
            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
            })
            await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html', 'complete')

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            inspector.onNavigationStarted(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Fragment Navigated Event

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            inspector.onFragmentNavigated(future::complete);

            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html#linkToAnchorOnThisPage", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Selenium v4.15.0

            const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)

            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: await driver.getWindowHandle(),
            })
            await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html', 'complete')

            await browsingContextInspector.onFragmentNavigated((entry) => {
                navigationInfo = entry
            })

            await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html#linkToAnchorOnThisPage', 'complete')

User Prompt Opened Event

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<NavigationInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            inspector.onFragmentNavigated(future::complete);

            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/linked_image.html#linkToAnchorOnThisPage", ReadinessState.COMPLETE);

            NavigationInfo navigationInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

User Prompt Closed Event

Selenium v4.15

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<UserPromptClosed> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());
            inspector.onUserPromptClosed(future::complete);

            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/alerts.html");

            driver.findElement(By.id("prompt")).click();

            context.handleUserPrompt(true, "selenium");

            UserPromptClosed userPromptClosed = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertEquals(context.getId(), userPromptClosed.getBrowsingContextId());

Browsing Context Destroyed Event

Selenium v4.18

        try (BrowsingContextInspector inspector = new BrowsingContextInspector(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<BrowsingContextInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();

            inspector.onBrowsingContextDestroyed(future::complete);

            String windowHandle = driver.switchTo().newWindow(WindowType.WINDOW).getWindowHandle();

            driver.close();

            BrowsingContextInfo browsingContextInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            Assertions.assertEquals(windowHandle, browsingContextInfo.getId());

Selenium v4.18.0

            const browsingContextInspector = await BrowsingContextInspector(driver)
            await browsingContextInspector.onBrowsingContextDestroyed((entry) => {
                contextInfo = entry
            })

            await driver.switchTo().newWindow('window')

            const windowHandle = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            await driver.close()

2 - Browsing Context

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This section contains the APIs related to input commands.

Perform Actions

Selenium v4.17

        Actions selectThreeOptions =
                actions.click(options.get(1)).keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(options.get(3)).keyUp(Keys.SHIFT);

        input.perform(windowHandle, selectThreeOptions.getSequences());

Selenium v4.17

            const actions = driver.actions().click(options[1]).keyDown(Key.SHIFT).click(options[3]).keyUp(Key.SHIFT).getSequences()

            await input.perform(browsingContextId, actions)

Release Actions

Selenium v4.17

        Actions sendLowercase =
                new Actions(driver).keyDown(inputTextBox, "a").keyDown(inputTextBox, "b");

        input.perform(windowHandle, sendLowercase.getSequences());
        ((JavascriptExecutor) driver).executeScript("resetEvents()");

        input.release(windowHandle);

Selenium v4.17

            await input.release(browsingContextId)

3 - Network

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Commands

This section contains the APIs related to network commands.

Add network intercept

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            String intercept =
                    network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT));

Selenium v4.18

            const intercept = await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT))

Remove network intercept

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            String intercept =
                    network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT));
            Assertions.assertNotNull(intercept);
            network.removeIntercept(intercept);

Selenium v4.18

            const network = await Network(driver)
            const intercept = await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT))

Continue request blocked at authRequired phase with credentials

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED));
            network.onAuthRequired(
                    responseDetails ->
                            network.continueWithAuth(
                                    responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId(),
                                    new UsernameAndPassword("admin", "admin")));
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

Selenium v4.18

            await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED))

            await network.authRequired(async (event) => {
                await network.continueWithAuth(event.request.request, 'admin','admin')
            })

Continue request blocked at authRequired phase without credentials

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED));
            network.onAuthRequired(
                    responseDetails ->
                            // Does not handle the alert
                            network.continueWithAuthNoCredentials(responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId()));
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

Selenium v4.18

            await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED))

            await network.authRequired(async (event) => {
                await network.continueWithAuthNoCredentials(event.request.request)
            })

Cancel request blocked at authRequired phase

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED));
            network.onAuthRequired(
                    responseDetails ->
                            // Does not handle the alert
                            network.cancelAuth(responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId()));
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

Selenium v4.18

            await network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.AUTH_REQUIRED))

            await network.authRequired(async (event) => {
                await network.cancelAuth(event.request.request)
            })

Fail request

Selenium v4.18

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            network.addIntercept(new AddInterceptParameters(InterceptPhase.BEFORE_REQUEST_SENT));
            network.onBeforeRequestSent(
                    responseDetails -> network.failRequest(responseDetails.getRequest().getRequestId()));
            driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(Duration.of(5, ChronoUnit.SECONDS));

Events

This section contains the APIs related to network events.

Before Request Sent

Selenium v4.15

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<BeforeRequestSent> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onBeforeRequestSent(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

            BeforeRequestSent requestSent = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

Selenium v4.18

            let beforeRequestEvent = null
            const network = await Network(driver)
            await network.beforeRequestSent(function (event) {
                beforeRequestEvent = event
            })

            await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank.html')

Response Started

Selenium v4.15

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<ResponseDetails> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onResponseStarted(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

            ResponseDetails response = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

Selenium v4.18

            let onResponseStarted = []
            const network = await Network(driver)
            await network.responseStarted(function (event) {
                onResponseStarted.push(event)
            })

            await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')

Response Completed

Selenium v4.15

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<ResponseDetails> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onResponseCompleted(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");

            ResponseDetails response = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            String windowHandle = driver.getWindowHandle();

Selenium v4.18

            let onResponseCompleted = []
            const network = await Network(driver)
            await network.responseCompleted(function (event) {
                onResponseCompleted.push(event)
            })

            await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')

Auth Required

Selenium v4.17

        try (Network network = new Network(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<ResponseDetails> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            network.onAuthRequired(future::complete);
            driver.get("https://the-internet.herokuapp.com/basic_auth");

            ResponseDetails response = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

4 - Script

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Commands

This section contains the APIs related to script commands.

Call function in a browsing context

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            List<LocalValue> arguments = new ArrayList<>();
            arguments.add(PrimitiveProtocolValue.numberValue(22));

            Map<Object, LocalValue> value = new HashMap<>();
            value.put("some_property", LocalValue.numberValue(42));
            LocalValue thisParameter = LocalValue.objectValue(value);

            arguments.add(thisParameter);

            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                            id,
                            "function processWithPromise(argument) {\n"
                                    + "  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {\n"
                                    + "    setTimeout(() => {\n"
                                    + "      resolve(argument + this.some_property);\n"
                                    + "    }, 1000)\n"
                                    + "  })\n"
                                    + "}",
                            true,
                            Optional.of(arguments),
                            Optional.of(thisParameter),
                            Optional.of(ResultOwnership.ROOT));

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

            let argumentValues = []
            let value = new ArgumentValue(LocalValue.createNumberValue(22))
            argumentValues.push(value)

            let mapValue = {some_property: LocalValue.createNumberValue(42)}
            let thisParameter = new ArgumentValue(LocalValue.createObjectValue(mapValue)).asMap()

            const result = await manager.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                id,
                'function processWithPromise(argument) {' +
                'return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {' +
                'setTimeout(() => {' +
                'resolve(argument + this.some_property);' +
                '}, 1000)' +
                '})' +
                '}',
                true,
                argumentValues,
                thisParameter,
                ResultOwnership.ROOT)

Call function in a sandbox

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                            id,
                            "sandbox",
                            "() => window.foo",
                            true,
                            Optional.empty(),
                            Optional.empty(),
                            Optional.empty());

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

            await manager.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, '() => { window.foo = 2; }', true, null, null, null, 'sandbox')

Call function in a realm

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(tab, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getAllRealms();
            String realmId = realms.get(0).getRealmId();

            EvaluateResult result = script.callFunctionInRealm(
                    realmId,
                    "() => { window.foo = 3; }",
                    true,
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty());

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(firstTab, driver)

            const realms = await manager.getAllRealms()
            const realmId = realms[0].realmId

            await manager.callFunctionInRealm(realmId, '() => { window.foo = 3; }', true)

Evaluate script in a browsing context

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, "1 + 2", true, Optional.empty());

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

            const result = await manager.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, '1 + 2', true)

Evaluate script in a sandbox

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(id, driver)) {
            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                            id, "sandbox", "window.foo", true, Optional.empty());

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

            await manager.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, 'window.foo = 2', true, null, 'sandbox')

            const resultInSandbox = await manager.evaluateFunctionInBrowsingContext(id, 'window.foo', true, null, 'sandbox')

Evaluate script in a realm

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(tab, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getAllRealms();
            String realmId = realms.get(0).getRealmId();

            EvaluateResult result =
                    script.evaluateFunctionInRealm(
                            realmId, "window.foo", true, Optional.empty());

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(firstTab, driver)

            const realms = await manager.getAllRealms()
            const realmId = realms[0].realmId

            await manager.evaluateFunctionInRealm(realmId, 'window.foo = 3', true)

            const result = await manager.evaluateFunctionInRealm(realmId, 'window.foo', true)

Disown handles in a browsing context

Selenium v4.15

            script.disownBrowsingContextScript(

Selenium v4.9

            await manager.disownBrowsingContextScript(id, boxId)

Disown handles in a realm

Selenium v4.15

            script.disownRealmScript(realmId, List.of(boxId));

Selenium v4.9

            await manager.disownRealmScript(realmId, boxId)

Get all realms

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(firstWindow, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getAllRealms();

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(firstWindow, driver)

            const realms = await manager.getAllRealms()

Get realm by type

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(firstWindow, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getRealmsByType(RealmType.WINDOW);

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(firstWindow, driver)

            const realms = await manager.getRealmsByType(RealmType.WINDOW)

Get browsing context realms

Selenium v4.15

        try (Script script = new Script(windowId, driver)) {
            List<RealmInfo> realms = script.getRealmsInBrowsingContext(tabId);

Selenium v4.9

            const manager = await ScriptManager(windowId, driver)

            const realms = await manager.getRealmsInBrowsingContext(tabId)

Get browsing context realms by type

Selenium v4.15

            List<RealmInfo> windowRealms =
                    script.getRealmsInBrowsingContextByType(windowId, RealmType.WINDOW);

Selenium v4.9

            const realms = await manager.getRealmsInBrowsingContextByType(windowId, RealmType.WINDOW)

Preload a script

Selenium v4.15

            String id = script.addPreloadScript("() => { window.bar=2; }", "sandbox");

Selenium v4.10

            const manager = await ScriptManager(id, driver)

            const scriptId = await manager.addPreloadScript('() => {{ console.log(\'{preload_script_console_text}\') }}')

Remove a preloaded script

Selenium v4.15

                script.removePreloadScript(id);

Selenium v4.10

            await manager.removePreloadScript(scriptId)

Events

This section contains the APIs related to script events.

Message

Selenium v4.16

        try (Script script = new Script(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<Message> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            script.onMessage(future::complete);

            script.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                    driver.getWindowHandle(),
                    "(channel) => channel('foo')",
                    false,
                    Optional.of(List.of(LocalValue.channelValue("channel_name"))),
                    Optional.empty(),
                    Optional.empty());

            Message message = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertEquals("channel_name", message.getChannel());
        }

Selenium v4.18

            const manager = await ScriptManager(undefined, driver)

            let message = null

            await manager.onMessage((m) => {
                message = m
            })

            let argumentValues = []
            let value = new ArgumentValue(LocalValue.createChannelValue(new ChannelValue('channel_name')))
            argumentValues.push(value)

            const result = await manager.callFunctionInBrowsingContext(
                await driver.getWindowHandle(),
                '(channel) => channel("foo")',
                false,
                argumentValues,
            )

Realm Created

Selenium v4.16

        try (Script script = new Script(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<RealmInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            script.onRealmCreated(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

            context.navigate("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/blankPage");
            RealmInfo realmInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertNotNull(realmInfo.getRealmId());
            Assertions.assertEquals(RealmType.WINDOW, realmInfo.getRealmType());
        }

Selenium v4.18

            const manager = await ScriptManager(undefined, driver)

            let realmInfo = null

            await manager.onRealmCreated((result) => {
                realmInfo = result
            })

            const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: id,
            })

            await browsingContext.navigate('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/blank', 'complete')

Realm Destroyed

Selenium v4.16

        try (Script script = new Script(driver)) {
            CompletableFuture<RealmInfo> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
            script.onRealmDestroyed(future::complete);

            BrowsingContext context = new BrowsingContext(driver, driver.getWindowHandle());

            context.close();
            RealmInfo realmInfo = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            Assertions.assertNotNull(realmInfo.getRealmId());
            Assertions.assertEquals(RealmType.WINDOW, realmInfo.getRealmType());
        }

Selenium v4.19

            const manager = await ScriptManager(undefined, driver)

            let realmInfo = null

            await manager.onRealmDestroyed((result) => {
                realmInfo = result
            })

            const id = await driver.getWindowHandle()
            const browsingContext = await BrowsingContext(driver, {
                browsingContextId: id,
            })

            await browsingContext.close()

5 - BiDirectional API (W3C compliant)

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This section contains the APIs related to logging.

Console logs

Listen to the console.log events and register callbacks to process the event.

Selenium v4.8

    public void jsErrors() {
        CopyOnWriteArrayList<ConsoleLogEntry> logs = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();

        try (LogInspector logInspector = new LogInspector(driver)) {
            logInspector.onConsoleEntry(logs::add);
        }

        driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");
            const inspector = await LogInspector(driver)
            await inspector.onConsoleEntry(function (log) {
                logEntry = log
            })

            await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')
            await driver.findElement({id: 'consoleLog'}).click()

            assert.equal(logEntry.text, 'Hello, world!')
            assert.equal(logEntry.realm, null)
            assert.equal(logEntry.type, 'console')
            assert.equal(logEntry.level, 'info')
            assert.equal(logEntry.method, 'log')
            assert.equal(logEntry.stackTrace, null)
            assert.equal(logEntry.args.length, 1)

JavaScript exceptions

Listen to the JS Exceptions and register callbacks to process the exception details.

            logInspector.onJavaScriptLog(future::complete);

            driver.get("https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html");
            driver.findElement(By.id("jsException")).click();

            JavascriptLogEntry logEntry = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            Assertions.assertEquals("Error: Not working", logEntry.getText());
            const inspector = await LogInspector(driver)
            await inspector.onJavascriptException(function (log) {
                logEntry = log
            })

            await driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/bidi/logEntryAdded.html')
            await driver.findElement({id: 'jsException'}).click()

            assert.equal(logEntry.text, 'Error: Not working')
            assert.equal(logEntry.type, 'javascript')
            assert.equal(logEntry.level, 'error')

Listen to JS Logs

Listen to all JS logs at all levels and register callbacks to process the log.

Selenium v4.8

            driver.findElement(By.id("consoleLog")).click();

            ConsoleLogEntry logEntry = future.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

            Assertions.assertEquals("Hello, world!", logEntry.getText());
            Assertions.assertNull(logEntry.getRealm());
            Assertions.assertEquals(1, logEntry.getArgs().size());
            Assertions.assertEquals("console", logEntry.getType());